President confers about military appointments with Sec. Stanton , Gens. Halleck and Heintzelman, and Adjt. Gen. Thomas in Stanton 's office. Journal, Samuel P. Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln forwards to Congress acceptance by New Mexico Territory of land grants for colleges. Abraham Lincoln to the Senate and House of Representatives, 2 March 1863, CW , 6:123-24.

"Last levee of the season of President Lincoln and his lady took place at the Presidential Mansion last evening, and was the best attended and most brilliant one of the many given this winter." Washington Chronicle, 3 March 1863; N.Y. Herald, 3 March 1863.

President spends part of day with Asst. Sec. Fox. Seems "depressed." Fox, Diary, Gist-Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Approves act authorizing free mail delivery in 49 cities of U.S. and act authorizing grant of public lands to Kansas for railroad and telegraph construction. Stat. L., XII, 701, 772.

Joint congressional committee notifies President of adjournment unless he has further communications. Senate Journal, 444.

President approves bill establishing National Academy of Sciences. J. Duane Squires, "Some Enduring Achievements of the Lincoln Administration, 1861-65," Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 5 (December 1848):209; Stat. L., XII, 806.

Occupies President's Room at Capitol until near 11 P.M. Secs. Seward and Welles, and Postmaster Gen. Blair also present. Washington Chronicle, 4 March 1863; N.Y. Herald, 4 March 1863.

President interviews Jonathan Haines, holder of patent on harvesting machine, and gives him letter of introduction. Abraham Lincoln to David P. Holloway, 4 March 1863, CW, 6:124.

Congratulates Miguel San Roman on election to presidency of Republic of Peru. Abraham Lincoln to Miguel de San Roman, 4 March 1863, CW, 6:124.

Sends for Asst. Sec. Fox to explain certain dispatches. Fox, Diary, Gist-Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Consults with Postmaster Gen. Blair about problems for colonizing Negroes. Blair to Lincoln, 5 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln forwards $868, to U.S. Treasurer Francis E. Spinner. Lincoln received the money together with a letter from an anonymous writer, of Brooklyn, New York. The writer explained, "I came by [the money] in a dishonest manner . . . Being tempted, in an unguarded moment I consented to take it being very much in want of money but thanks be to my Saviour I was led by the influences of the Holy Spirit to see my great sin and to return it to you as the representative of the United States." Anonymous. "Candide Secure" to Abraham Lincoln, 2 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Receipt from Francis E. Spinner, 5 March 1863, CW, 6:125.

Senate committee announces to President that Senate is ready to receive communications. Senate Journal, 449. Sec.

Welles spends most of evening until 11 P.M. in President's room. Welles, Diary.

Lincoln receives February salary warrant for $2,022.34. Pratt, Personal Finances, 182.

President confers with Marshal Lamon and Atty. Gen. Bates regarding execution of Augustus Ford for murder. Washington Chronicle, 7 March 1863.

In evening sees Gen. Fremont by appointment and promises to tell him something definite about new command. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:127.

Rear Adm. Dahlgren visits President and finds him nervous and uneasy. Extracts from Dahlgren Diary, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Sen. Wade (Ohio), chairman, Committee on Conduct of War, confers with President at 8 P.M. Abraham Lincoln to Benjamin F. Wade, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:128.

White House public receptions over for season. Saturday afternoon receptions from 1 to 3 P.M. begin. Washington Chronicle, 7 March 1863.

Lincoln asks Sec. Seward to come over "and bring the 'Marque & Reprisal' bill with you." Abraham Lincoln to William H. Seward, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:126.

Directs Sec. Stanton : "Please see Gen. Halleck to-day; and if you can get him half agreed, I agree" to an appointment for Gen. Fremont. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:127.

Refers letter of this date to Secs. Stanton and Welles with endorsement: "Submitted to Mars & Neptune." Dix to Lincoln, 7 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln approves memorandum of Sec. Seward to Lord Lyons suggesting that England allow no more ships built and slipped out of her ports for ultimate service to Confederate States of America. Monaghan, Diplomat, 291.

Interviews Edward L. Baker, editor, "Illinois State Journal," relative to brevets in Marine Corps. Baker to Welles, 9 March 1863, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

President receives Mrs. Winston from Tennessee and permits her to remove wounded son from prison in Fort McHenry, Md. Abraham Lincoln to William W. Morris, 13 March 1863, CW, 6:135; Rice, 507-8.

Cabinet continues to discuss letters of marque. Bates, Diary.

Senate committee notifies President of adjournment unless he has further communications. Senate Journal, 455.

Lincoln attends Washington Theatre to see James H. Hackett as Falstaff in Henry IV. James H. Hackett to Abraham Lincoln, 20 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

President receives members of committee from New York who "enumerate ships now building in English yards professedly for the Emperor of China, but really for our rebels." Pierce, Sumner Memoir and Letters, 4:129.

In evening Lincoln and Sen. Sumner (Mass.) read aloud to each other from Theodore D. Woolsey's "Introduction to the Study of International Law." [Boston: 1860] Pierce, Sumner Memoir and Letters, 4:121.

Lincoln sends his old friend Dr. Anson G. Henry, surveyor general of Washington Territory, with a note to Sec. Chase. Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 21 March 1863, CW, 6:144.

[Irwin deposits $472.50 in Springfield Marine Bank, balance of principal and interest on A. J. Van Deren note. Pratt, Personal Finances, 165.]

Lincoln endorses letter of Alexander Williamson: "Submitted to the Sec. of Treasury. Mr. Williamson, writer of the within was our 'Willie's' teacher; and I would be really glad for him to be obliged." Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 23 March 1863, CW, 6:144-45.

Lincoln writes to the recently-elected Governor of New York, Horatio Seymour. Lincoln seeks Seymour's support for the war effort, and explains, "In the performance of my duty, the co-operation of your State . . . is needed—in fact, is indispensable. This alone is a sufficient reason why I should wish to be at a good understanding with you." On numerous occasions, Seymour, a Democrat, spoke out against the Lincoln administration's war policies, chief among them the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln writes, "As to maintaining the nation's life, and integrity, I assume, and believe, there can not be a difference of purpose between you and me. If we should differ as to the means, it is important that such difference should be as small as possible." Abraham Lincoln to Horatio Seymour, 23 March 1863, CW, 6:145-46; Alexander J. Wall, A Sketch of the Life of Horatio Seymour 1810-1886 (Lancaster, PA: Lancaster Press, 1929), 23-25.

Lincoln directs Sec. Stanton : "Let [Col.] James H. Ledlie [3d New York Artillery] . . . be made a Brigadier General, if it is legally possible." Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 24 March 1863, CW, 6:147.

Inquires of secretary of war: "Can not this sum of 250,000 be paid at once?" Amount requested by governor of Kentucky to aid in raising new troops. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 24 March 1863, CW, 6:147.

President commutes death sentence of James S. Pleasants, citizen of Montgomery County, Md., to imprisonment during war. Commutation of Sentence of James S. Pleasants, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148.

Authorizes Benjamin Gratz to shelter Mrs. Susan S. Grigsby, wife of Confederate officer, and "be responsible for what she may do." Abraham Lincoln to Benjamin Gratz, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148.

Refuses request of Gen. Rosecrans to renominate Gen. Robert B. Mitchell. Abraham Lincoln to William S. Rosecrans, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148-49.

Forwards five-pound bank note from British subject to U.S. Christian Commission for purchase of Bibles. Stuart to Lincoln, 25 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Greets at White House six exchanged soldiers who took part in Andrews train raid in April 1862. Washington Chronicle, 26 March 1863.

Attends Grover's Theatre with Private Secretary John G. Nicolay to witness performance of Hamlet starring E. L. Davenport. Daily National Republican, 26 March 1863, 2d ed., 2:5; N.Y. Herald, 26 March 1863.

[Irwin draws draft for $10.79 to pay taxes on Council Bluffs, Iowa, land. Pratt, Personal Finances, 177.]

President Lincoln writes to Tennessee's military governor, Andrew Johnson, and urges him to "rais[e] a negro military force." The move would inspire Unionists because, Lincoln explains, Johnson is an "eminent citizen of a slave-state, and himself a slave-holder." Lincoln adds, "The colored population is the great available and yet unavailed of, force for restoring the Union. The bare sight of fifty thousand armed, and drilled black soldiers on the banks of the Mississippi, would end the rebellion at once." Abraham Lincoln to Andrew Johnson, 26 March 1863, CW, 6:149-50.

Interviews Eli Parker of New York regarding appointment. Abraham Lincoln to Montgomery C. Meigs, 26 March 1863, CW, 6:150.

"The President is in excellent spirits to-day." N.Y. Herald, 27 March 1863.

Mary F. Carpenter visits President. Mary F. Carpenter to Abraham Lincoln, 27 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln shakes hands with Mr. Fowler, old Shaker friend of Secretary of State Seward. William H. Seward to Abraham Lincoln, 26 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Former Lt. Gov. Daniel S. Dickinson (N.Y.) and friend, Edward J. Westcott, confer with President on trading at Newbern, N.C. Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:150.

In the East Room of the White House, Lincoln meets with a contingent of Indian chiefs, two of whom speak through a translator. Cheyenne Chief Lean Bear expresses concern about the number of whites moving west. He desires "peace," but wonders if the "white men on the plains" want the same. Arapahoe Chief Spotted Wolf seeks Lincoln's words of wisdom. Lincoln asserts that the whites are more "prosperous because they cultivate the earth." He adds, in spite of the civil war now taking place, whites are less inclined "to fight and kill one another as our red brethren." Daily Morning Chronicle (Washington, DC), 28 March 1863, 1:1-2; Speech to Indians, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:151-53.

James Blake of Indianapolis, Ind., discusses appointments with President. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:153.

Lincoln receives Jacob Wilson on recommendation of Mayor George Opdyke (N.Y.) and directs him to Sec. Stanton . Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:154.

"There will be no more Saturday afternoon receptions at the Executive Mansion during the remainder of the season." Washington Chronicle, 28 March 1863.

President informs Gen. Banks, commanding Dept. of the Gulf, that Gen. Daniel Ullmann will undertake to raise Negro brigade in department and will need help. Abraham Lincoln to Nathaniel P. Banks, 29 March 1863, CW, 6:154-55.

President in chief clerk's room at Navy Dept. conversing with Sec. Welles and Asst. Sec. Fox; "looks thin and badly—is very nervous and complains of everything." Extracts from Dahlgren Diary, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Writes Sec. Stanton : "I fear—in fact, believe—the despatch you mentioned is utter humbuggery. . . . Besides there are no six-iron-clads, nor 15000 men at Vicksburg to pass through the canal, even if the Mississippi river had risen fifteen feet in as many minutes." Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 29 March 1863, CW, 6:155.

President sets apart April 30, 1863 "as a day of national humiliation, fasting and prayer." Washington Chronicle, 1 April 1863; Proclamation Appointing a National Fast Day, 30 March 1863, CW, 6:155-57.

President permits restricted commercial intercourse with inhabitants of insurrectionary States. License of Commercial Intercourse, 31 March 1863, CW, 6:157.

Confers with Gen. Hooker on military subjects. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 18 April 1863.

Accompanied by Secs. Seward, Chase, and Usher, and Postmaster Gen. Blair, attends Union meeting at Capitol. "The greatest popular demonstration ever known in Washington." Washington Chronicle, 1 April 1863.

Tad climbs on and off President's lap several times. "Father Abe looks so careworn that one could but pity him." Robert L. Kincaid, "Julia Susan Wheelock, the Florence Nightingale of Michigan during the War," Lincoln Herald 46 (October 1944):44.