President confers about military appointments with Sec. Stanton , Gens. Halleck and Heintzelman, and Adjt. Gen. Thomas in Stanton 's office. Journal, Samuel P. Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln forwards to Congress acceptance by New Mexico Territory of land grants for colleges. Abraham Lincoln to the Senate and House of Representatives, 2 March 1863, CW , 6:123-24.

"Last levee of the season of President Lincoln and his lady took place at the Presidential Mansion last evening, and was the best attended and most brilliant one of the many given this winter." Washington Chronicle, 3 March 1863; N.Y. Herald, 3 March 1863.

President spends part of day with Asst. Sec. Fox. Seems "depressed." Fox, Diary, Gist-Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Approves act authorizing free mail delivery in 49 cities of U.S. and act authorizing grant of public lands to Kansas for railroad and telegraph construction. Stat. L., XII, 701, 772.

Joint congressional committee notifies President of adjournment unless he has further communications. Senate Journal, 444.

President approves bill establishing National Academy of Sciences. J. Duane Squires, "Some Enduring Achievements of the Lincoln Administration, 1861-65," Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 5 (December 1848):209; Stat. L., XII, 806.

Occupies President's Room at Capitol until near 11 P.M. Secs. Seward and Welles, and Postmaster Gen. Blair also present. Washington Chronicle, 4 March 1863; N.Y. Herald, 4 March 1863.

President interviews Jonathan Haines, holder of patent on harvesting machine, and gives him letter of introduction. Abraham Lincoln to David P. Holloway, 4 March 1863, CW, 6:124.

Congratulates Miguel San Roman on election to presidency of Republic of Peru. Abraham Lincoln to Miguel de San Roman, 4 March 1863, CW, 6:124.

Sends for Asst. Sec. Fox to explain certain dispatches. Fox, Diary, Gist-Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Consults with Postmaster Gen. Blair about problems for colonizing Negroes. Blair to Lincoln, 5 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln forwards $868, to U.S. Treasurer Francis E. Spinner. Lincoln received the money together with a letter from an anonymous writer, of Brooklyn, New York. The writer explained, "I came by [the money] in a dishonest manner . . . Being tempted, in an unguarded moment I consented to take it being very much in want of money but thanks be to my Saviour I was led by the influences of the Holy Spirit to see my great sin and to return it to you as the representative of the United States." Anonymous. "Candide Secure" to Abraham Lincoln, 2 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Receipt from Francis E. Spinner, 5 March 1863, CW, 6:125.

Senate committee announces to President that Senate is ready to receive communications. Senate Journal, 449. Sec.

Welles spends most of evening until 11 P.M. in President's room. Welles, Diary.

Lincoln receives February salary warrant for $2,022.34. Pratt, Personal Finances, 182.

Rear Adm. Dahlgren visits President and finds him nervous and uneasy. Extracts from Dahlgren Diary, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Sen. Wade (Ohio), chairman, Committee on Conduct of War, confers with President at 8 P.M. Abraham Lincoln to Benjamin F. Wade, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:128.

White House public receptions over for season. Saturday afternoon receptions from 1 to 3 P.M. begin. Washington Chronicle, 7 March 1863.

Lincoln asks Sec. Seward to come over "and bring the 'Marque & Reprisal' bill with you." Abraham Lincoln to William H. Seward, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:126.

Directs Sec. Stanton : "Please see Gen. Halleck to-day; and if you can get him half agreed, I agree" to an appointment for Gen. Fremont. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 7 March 1863, CW, 6:127.

Refers letter of this date to Secs. Stanton and Welles with endorsement: "Submitted to Mars & Neptune." Dix to Lincoln, 7 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln approves memorandum of Sec. Seward to Lord Lyons suggesting that England allow no more ships built and slipped out of her ports for ultimate service to Confederate States of America. Monaghan, Diplomat, 291.

Interviews Edward L. Baker, editor, "Illinois State Journal," relative to brevets in Marine Corps. Baker to Welles, 9 March 1863, Gideon Welles Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Cong. Thaddeus Stevens (Pa.) asks President to give Col. Joseph W. Fisher place of Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton, captured in bed at 2 A.M., March 9, 1863, at Fairfax, Va., by Gen. John S. Mosby (CSA). Memorandum Concerning Joseph W. Fisher, 9 March 1863, CW, 6:129.

Brig. Gen. of Vols. W. F. Smith interviews President to adjust rank as major general in regular Army. Memorandum Concerning William F. Smith, 9 March 1863, CW, 6:129-30.

Sen. Lemuel J. Bowden (Va.), Mr. Boyd, editor, and John Hawxhurst, Virginia legislator, call on President and ask promotion of Col. Joseph Snider, 7th Virginia Regiment, to brigadier general. Memorandum Concerning Joseph Snider, 9 March 1863, CW, 6:130.

President interviews Mil. Gov. John S. Phelps (Ark.) in presence of Sec. Stanton on proposition for placing army of 12,000 to 15,000 men in Arkansas, ready to move immediately on fall of Vicksburg, Miss. Phelps to Lincoln, 9 March 1863, Edwin M. Stanton Papers, Library of Congress, Washington DC.

Asks War Dept.: "Can any thing be done for this Lady-friend of Marshal Lamon? I do not see how." [Probably Miss Maria A. Donnelly of Martinsburg, Va., whose sister had been recently released from imprisonment in Richmond.] Endorsement, 9 March 1863, CW, 6:128.

Leopold C. P. Cooper of Norfolk, asks Lincoln to place Leopold O. Parker in West Point. Memorandum: Appointment of Leopold O. Parker, 10 March 1863, CW, 6:132.

President proclaims amnesty to soldiers absent without leave. Proclamation Granting Amnesty to Soldiers Absent without Leave, 10 March 1863, CW, 6:132-33.

Cabinet discusses regulations for letters of marque. Welles, Diary.

9 P.M. President, Secs. Seward and Stanton , Gen. Heintzelman, and several Senators discuss sending troops to protect Arizona. Journal, Samuel P. Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Col. Edward B. Cross, accompanied by Sen. Hale (N.H.), calls on President and asks promotion. Memorandum: Appointment of Edward E. Cross, 11 March 1863, CW, 6:133.

Cong. Rollins (Mo.) interviews Lincoln on behalf of Col. Odon Guitar. Memorandum: Appointment of Odon Guitar, 11 March 1863, CW, 6:133-34.

President transmits to Senate treaty with chiefs and headmen of Chippewa Indians. Abraham Lincoln to the Senate, 12 March 1863, CW, 6:135.

Listens to report from Rear Adm. Du Pont in office to Sec. Welles. Welles, Diary.

President receives Mrs. Winston from Tennessee and permits her to remove wounded son from prison in Fort McHenry, Md. Abraham Lincoln to William W. Morris, 13 March 1863, CW, 6:135; Rice, 507-8.

Cabinet continues to discuss letters of marque. Bates, Diary.

Senate committee notifies President of adjournment unless he has further communications. Senate Journal, 455.

Lincoln attends Washington Theatre to see James H. Hackett as Falstaff in Henry IV. James H. Hackett to Abraham Lincoln, 20 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

President sends congratulations to Isabel II, Queen of Spain, on birth of nephew, son of Duchess of Montpensier. Abraham Lincoln to Isabel II, 14 March 1863, CW, 6:136.

Interviews Sen. Thomas H. Hicks (Md.) and delegation on behalf of Col. George Sangster. Memorandum: Promotion of George Sangster, 14 March 1863, CW, 6:136.

Borrows copy of "Hume's England Vols., 3 & 4" from Library of Congress. [David Hume, The History of England, London: 1754-62?] Borrowers' Ledger 1861-63, 348, Archives of the Library of Congress, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

President receives members of committee from New York who "enumerate ships now building in English yards professedly for the Emperor of China, but really for our rebels." Pierce, Sumner Memoir and Letters, 4:129.

In evening Lincoln and Sen. Sumner (Mass.) read aloud to each other from Theodore D. Woolsey's "Introduction to the Study of International Law." [Boston: 1860] Pierce, Sumner Memoir and Letters, 4:121.

Hugh W. Crothers, aide to Gov. Peirpoint (Va.), calls on President in interest of Col. Isaac H. Duval. Memorandum Concerning Isaac H. Duval, 16 March 1863, CW, 6:136-37.

Former Cong. Kellian Van R. Whaley (Va.) visits President to get Rev. Henry Stevens appointed hospital chaplain. Memorandum: Appointment of Henry Stevens, 16 March 1863, CW, 6:137.

Cabinet meets. Discusses whether to issue letters of marque under new statute. Pierce, Sumner Memoir and Letters, 4:129.

Lincoln sends for Asst. Sec. Fox to learn about failure of Rear Adm. Farragut to run by Port Hudson, La. Fox, Diary, Gist-Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Cong. Henry W. Davis (Md.) discusses organization of new House of Representatives with President. Abraham Lincoln to Henry W. Davis, 18 March 1863, CW, 6:140-41.

Cabinet meeting continues subject of privateering. Bates, Diary.

President Lincoln and his wife, Mary, tour the Patent Office. A newspaper reports, "This temple of American genius has lately received additions . . . Mrs. Lincoln, with characteristic unselfishness, has sent from the White House a splendid variety of the presents of the Kings of Siam and the Tycoon of Japan. Among the most noticeable is a suit of Japanese armor . . . for which the Knight of La Mancha would have given his boots. . . . The President and Mrs. Lincoln seemed to enjoy greatly this respite from the cares of State among so many interesting objects." New York Herald, 20 March 1863, 4:5.

Lincoln writes to Major General William S. Rosecrans and responds to the general's list of complaints. Rosecrans recently achieved a military victory, which, he claims, prompted Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton to offer Rosecrans "'Anything you & your command want.'" Rosecrans complains that he did not receive the military commission date he requested. Lincoln responds, "Truth to speak, I do not appreciate this matter of rank on paper, as you officers do. The world will not forget that you fought the battle of 'Stone River' and it will never care a fig whether you rank Gen. [Ulysses S.] Grant on paper, or he so, ranks you." William S. Rosecrans to Abraham Lincoln, 16 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Abraham Lincoln to William S. Rosecrans, 17 March 1863, CW, 6:138-40.

Writes Joshua F. Speed: "Confidential. . . . Lyman Guinnip [dealer in agricultural implements at Danville, Ill.], is under an indictment at Louisville, something about slaves. I knew him slightly. . . . I scarcely think he is guilty of any real crime Please try if you can not slip him through." Abraham Lincoln to Joshua F. Speed, 17 March 1863, CW, 6:140.

President proclaims treaty of commerce and navigation with Republic of Liberia. Washington Chronicle, 29 April 1863.

Cong. Julian (Ind.) confers with President about appointments and refers to unemployment of Gen. Fremont. Lincoln admits that he does not know where to put him. George W. Julian, Political Recollections 1840-1872 (Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1884), 229-30.

President Lincoln writes to Congressman Henry W. Davis, of Maryland. Davis seeks Lincoln's "opinion" regarding the "organization of the House—on the election of Speaker." Lincoln writes, "[T]he supporters of the war should send no man to congress who will not go into caucus with the unconditional supporters of the war, and abide the action of such caucus, and support in the House, the person therein nominated for Speaker. Let the friends of the government first save the government, and then administer it to their own liking." Abraham Lincoln to Henry W. Davis, 18 March 1863, CW, 6:140-41.

Gov. John A. Gurley (Arizona Terr.) and John N. Goodwin, chief justice, Arizona Territory, consult further with President about troops. Sec. Stanton and Postmaster Gen. Blair are present. Journal, Samuel P. Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC; Washington Chronicle, 20 March 1863.

President revokes courtmartial sentence of Thomas W. Knox, correspondent of New York "Herald," "if Gen. Grant shall give his express assent." Abraham Lincoln to Whom It May Concern, 20 March 1863, CW, 6:142-43.

Gov. Gurley (Arizona Terr.) again confers with President and believes matter of troops settled. Journal, Samuel P. Heintzelman Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Pursuant to law, President declares public sales of lands in Washington Territory, Michigan, and Kansas. Washington Chronicle, 1 April 1863.

Lincoln sends his old friend Dr. Anson G. Henry, surveyor general of Washington Territory, with a note to Sec. Chase. Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 21 March 1863, CW, 6:144.

[Irwin deposits $472.50 in Springfield Marine Bank, balance of principal and interest on A. J. Van Deren note. Pratt, Personal Finances, 165.]

Lincoln endorses letter of Alexander Williamson: "Submitted to the Sec. of Treasury. Mr. Williamson, writer of the within was our 'Willie's' teacher; and I would be really glad for him to be obliged." Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 23 March 1863, CW, 6:144-45.

Lincoln writes to the recently-elected Governor of New York, Horatio Seymour. Lincoln seeks Seymour's support for the war effort, and explains, "In the performance of my duty, the co-operation of your State . . . is needed—in fact, is indispensable. This alone is a sufficient reason why I should wish to be at a good understanding with you." On numerous occasions, Seymour, a Democrat, spoke out against the Lincoln administration's war policies, chief among them the Emancipation Proclamation. Lincoln writes, "As to maintaining the nation's life, and integrity, I assume, and believe, there can not be a difference of purpose between you and me. If we should differ as to the means, it is important that such difference should be as small as possible." Abraham Lincoln to Horatio Seymour, 23 March 1863, CW, 6:145-46; Alexander J. Wall, A Sketch of the Life of Horatio Seymour 1810-1886 (Lancaster, PA: Lancaster Press, 1929), 23-25.

Lincoln directs Sec. Stanton : "Let [Col.] James H. Ledlie [3d New York Artillery] . . . be made a Brigadier General, if it is legally possible." Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 24 March 1863, CW, 6:147.

Inquires of secretary of war: "Can not this sum of 250,000 be paid at once?" Amount requested by governor of Kentucky to aid in raising new troops. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 24 March 1863, CW, 6:147.

President commutes death sentence of James S. Pleasants, citizen of Montgomery County, Md., to imprisonment during war. Commutation of Sentence of James S. Pleasants, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148.

Authorizes Benjamin Gratz to shelter Mrs. Susan S. Grigsby, wife of Confederate officer, and "be responsible for what she may do." Abraham Lincoln to Benjamin Gratz, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148.

Refuses request of Gen. Rosecrans to renominate Gen. Robert B. Mitchell. Abraham Lincoln to William S. Rosecrans, 25 March 1863, CW, 6:148-49.

Forwards five-pound bank note from British subject to U.S. Christian Commission for purchase of Bibles. Stuart to Lincoln, 25 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Greets at White House six exchanged soldiers who took part in Andrews train raid in April 1862. Washington Chronicle, 26 March 1863.

Attends Grover's Theatre with Private Secretary John G. Nicolay to witness performance of Hamlet starring E. L. Davenport. Daily National Republican, 26 March 1863, 2d ed., 2:5; N.Y. Herald, 26 March 1863.

[Irwin draws draft for $10.79 to pay taxes on Council Bluffs, Iowa, land. Pratt, Personal Finances, 177.]

President Lincoln writes to Tennessee's military governor, Andrew Johnson, and urges him to "rais[e] a negro military force." The move would inspire Unionists because, Lincoln explains, Johnson is an "eminent citizen of a slave-state, and himself a slave-holder." Lincoln adds, "The colored population is the great available and yet unavailed of, force for restoring the Union. The bare sight of fifty thousand armed, and drilled black soldiers on the banks of the Mississippi, would end the rebellion at once." Abraham Lincoln to Andrew Johnson, 26 March 1863, CW, 6:149-50.

Interviews Eli Parker of New York regarding appointment. Abraham Lincoln to Montgomery C. Meigs, 26 March 1863, CW, 6:150.

"The President is in excellent spirits to-day." N.Y. Herald, 27 March 1863.

Mary F. Carpenter visits President. Mary F. Carpenter to Abraham Lincoln, 27 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Lincoln shakes hands with Mr. Fowler, old Shaker friend of Secretary of State Seward. William H. Seward to Abraham Lincoln, 26 March 1863, Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Former Lt. Gov. Daniel S. Dickinson (N.Y.) and friend, Edward J. Westcott, confer with President on trading at Newbern, N.C. Abraham Lincoln to Salmon P. Chase, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:150.

In the East Room of the White House, Lincoln meets with a contingent of Indian chiefs, two of whom speak through a translator. Cheyenne Chief Lean Bear expresses concern about the number of whites moving west. He desires "peace," but wonders if the "white men on the plains" want the same. Arapahoe Chief Spotted Wolf seeks Lincoln's words of wisdom. Lincoln asserts that the whites are more "prosperous because they cultivate the earth." He adds, in spite of the civil war now taking place, whites are less inclined "to fight and kill one another as our red brethren." Daily Morning Chronicle (Washington, DC), 28 March 1863, 1:1-2; Speech to Indians, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:151-53.

James Blake of Indianapolis, Ind., discusses appointments with President. Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:153.

Lincoln receives Jacob Wilson on recommendation of Mayor George Opdyke (N.Y.) and directs him to Sec. Stanton . Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 27 March 1863, CW, 6:154.

"There will be no more Saturday afternoon receptions at the Executive Mansion during the remainder of the season." Washington Chronicle, 28 March 1863.

President informs Gen. Banks, commanding Dept. of the Gulf, that Gen. Daniel Ullmann will undertake to raise Negro brigade in department and will need help. Abraham Lincoln to Nathaniel P. Banks, 29 March 1863, CW, 6:154-55.

President in chief clerk's room at Navy Dept. conversing with Sec. Welles and Asst. Sec. Fox; "looks thin and badly—is very nervous and complains of everything." Extracts from Dahlgren Diary, John G. Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

Writes Sec. Stanton : "I fear—in fact, believe—the despatch you mentioned is utter humbuggery. . . . Besides there are no six-iron-clads, nor 15000 men at Vicksburg to pass through the canal, even if the Mississippi river had risen fifteen feet in as many minutes." Abraham Lincoln to Edwin M. Stanton, 29 March 1863, CW, 6:155.

President sets apart April 30, 1863 "as a day of national humiliation, fasting and prayer." Washington Chronicle, 1 April 1863; Proclamation Appointing a National Fast Day, 30 March 1863, CW, 6:155-57.

President permits restricted commercial intercourse with inhabitants of insurrectionary States. License of Commercial Intercourse, 31 March 1863, CW, 6:157.

Confers with Gen. Hooker on military subjects. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 18 April 1863.

Accompanied by Secs. Seward, Chase, and Usher, and Postmaster Gen. Blair, attends Union meeting at Capitol. "The greatest popular demonstration ever known in Washington." Washington Chronicle, 1 April 1863.

Tad climbs on and off President's lap several times. "Father Abe looks so careworn that one could but pity him." Robert L. Kincaid, "Julia Susan Wheelock, the Florence Nightingale of Michigan during the War," Lincoln Herald 46 (October 1944):44.